D organotoxicity.[18] In the existing research, the protective effects of sequential acetone extract of F. racemosa bark (250 and 500 mg kg-1) was studied against doxorubicin-induced renal and testicular toxicity in rats. Administration of Dox, substantially decreased (P 0.05) total protein, albumin and A/G ratio which mightAhmed, et al.: Impact of Ficus racemosa against doxorubicin toxicitybe ascribed to your hepatic damage induced by doxorubicin, as reviews indicate that liver damage triggers decreased amino acid uptake or hepatic protein synthesis.[28] Having said that, extract pretreatment substantially restored serum proteins in direction of normalization. FR500 exhibited appreciably larger (P 0.05) protein restoration result than FR250 [Figure 1].Umeclidinium bromide Dox is usually a regarded nephrotoxic substance and generates chronic progressive glomerular illness manifested by enhanced plasma creatinine and urea amounts associated with intensive glomerular lesions, tubular dilatation, vacuolization of renal glomeruli, protein deposits in tubular lumen and stromal fibrosis.[4,25] During the current study, serum urea and creatinine amounts of manage and FR500 pretreated groups have been comparable and substantially reduced than those of FR250 and Dox groups [Table 1]. Even further, no proteinurea was observed in handle and FR 500 group. Moderate proteinurea was observed in FR250 group, though serious proteinurea was observed in Dox group. These findings had been additional supported through the histopathological profiles of the kidneys. The sections from handle group showed ordinary renal tubules associated with standard glomerulus. Nonetheless, in Dox-treated group focal tubular and glomerular injury main to shrinkage with the glomerulus was observed. The sections extract pretreated groups showed no tubularTable 1: Result of FRSACE on serum urea and creatinine levelsGroup Manage FR250 FR500 Doxadamage; however, slight shrinkage of glomerulus was observed [Figure 2].Nitazoxanide These observations are in great agreement with earlier reports.[25,29,30] Dox can be acknowledged to disturb spermatogenesis leading to low testicular sperm count and linked with increased ROS manufacturing.[3] The histopathological part from the manage group showed normal seminiferous tubules with superior variety of sperms, whilst complete inhibition of spermatogenesis was witnessed in Dox-treated group, wherein serious harm to your seminiferous tubules with vacuolation and necrosis of your lining epithelial cells and broken basement membrane resulting in the reduction of architecture and spermatogenesis was observed.PMID:23563799 In FR500 pre-treated group the seminiferous tubules showed ordinary testicular architecture with sperms. In FR250 pretreated group, despite the fact that, spermatogenesis was restored towards normalization, the quantity of sperms was significantly lower in comparison to FR500 group. These sections also showed vacuolation with the lining epithelium [Figure 3]. The observations are steady with an earlier report, wherein green tea extract wealthy in polyphenolic compounds reversed Dox-induced pathological, biochemical adjustments, histology and lipid peroxidation in rats.[27] The testicular protective exercise of FRSACE can be resulting from the presence of gallic acid and ellagic acid reported to exhibit significant protection towards Dox-induced testicular toxicity.[27] Oxidative pressure was assessed from the levels of glutathione and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in kidney and testis homogenates. FR 250 and FR 500 pretreatment significantly decreased (P 0.05) lipid peroxidatio.