Mbourg 3564Vertices Objects Nu Number ber Buildings Monaco Polygon 243 11029 1209 Figure six. Watermark info: (a) original watermark, (b) shuffled watermark. Figure Railways6. Watermark details: (a) original watermark, (b) shuffled watermark.9279 Henan, China Polyline 1557 67123 4.1. Phenylacetylglutamine Endogenous Metabolite Visualization Experiments Waterways Luxembourg Polyline 3564 186920 11797 Map Area Object Sort Size (KB)termarking operation afterwards. Figure 7d show the watermarked-encrypted (W-Ee maps, that are obtained by performing watermarking operation at first and after that e four.1. Visualization Experiments cryption operation. Figure 8a will be the decrypted-watermarked (D-Wed) maps get The original JNJ-42253432 custom synthesis vector maps are performed CEW operation using the propos by decrypting the CEWed maps, respectively. As shown in Figures 7 and 8, the infISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2021, ten,9 ofS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2021, 10, x FOR PEER Assessment Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2021, 10, x FOR PEER Evaluation maps can not be found from the CEWed maps, and there is no difference involving the D-Wed map along with the original map visually.Figure 7. The visualization benefits of CEWed maps. (a) E-Wed buildings, (b) E-Wed railways, (c) E-Wed waterways, (d Figure 7. The visualization outcomes of CEWed W-Eed buildings, (e) W-Eed railways, (f) W-Eedmaps. (a) E-Wed buildings, (b) E-Wed railways, (c) E-Wed waterways, (d) waterways. Figure 7. The visualization final results of CEWed maps. (a) E-Wed buildings, (b) E-Wed railways, (c) E-Wed waterways, (d)W-Eed buildings, (e) W-Eed railways, (f) W-Eed waterways.W-Eed buildings, (e) W-Eed railways, (f) W-Eed waterways.(a) (b) (c) (a) (b) (c) Figure eight. The visualization benefits of D-Wed maps: (a) D-Wed buildings, (b) D-Wed railways, (c) D-Wed waterways. Figure 8. The visualization results of D-Wed maps: (a) D-Wed buildings, (b) D-Wed railways, (c) D-Wed waterways.Figure eight. The visualization outcomes of D-Wed maps: (a) D-Wed buildings, (b) D-Wed railways, (c) D-Wed waterways.four.two. Commutativity Experiments 4.two. Commutativity Experiments the mutual independence involving the encryption an Commutativity refers to watermarking algorithm, which mutual independencealgorithm.the encryption an Commutativity refers towards the is definitely the essential of a CEW in between The commutativi quires that the operation order may be the essential of and watermark embedding has no im watermarking algorithm, which of encryption a CEW algorithm. The commutativitISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2021, 10,ten of4.two. Commutativity Experiments Commutativity refers to the mutual independence among the encryption as well as the watermarking algorithm, which is the crucial of a CEW algorithm. The commutativity requires that the operation order of encryption and watermark embedding has no effect around the final outcomes, plus the embedded watermark can be extracted ahead of or following decryption. To verify the commutativity amongst encryption and watermark embedding, Rootmean-square error (RMSE) is introduced to evaluate the difference among the E-Wed map as well as the W-Eed map. RMSE is calculated by Formula (17). 1 NRMSE =i =Nxi – xi+ yi – yi(17)where ( xi , yi ) and xi , yi would be the coordinates of two maps, respectively; N is definitely the number of vertices. The worth of RMSE is closer to 0, the error in between the two maps is smaller sized. Table 2 displays the RMSE involving the E-Wed maps as well as the W-Eed maps. In addition, railways map is taken as an example, as well as the coordinates of some vertices within the E-Wed railways map along with the W-Eed railways map are listed in Table three. It can be discovered from Tables 2 and.