Ators of transform are NDVI plus the active layer thickness. Search phrases Alaska Toolik Climate modify Ecological effects Greenland Zackenberg Medium pass filter VegetationINTRODUCTION Climate warming inside the Arctic, substantial over current decades and well-documented in IPCC reports (IPCC 2001, 2013), is reflected in adjustments within a wide variety of environmental and ecological measures. These illustrate convincingly that the Arctic is undergoing a system-wide response (ACIA 2005; Hinzman et al. 2005). The altering measures variety from physical state variables, like air temperature, permafrost temperature (Romanovsky et al. 2010), or the depth of seasonal thaw (Goulden et al. 1998),to alterations in ecological processes, including plant growth, which can result in alterations in the state of ecosystem components which include plant biomass or changes in ecosystem structure (Chapin et al. 2000; Sturm et al. 2001; Epstein et al. 2004). In spite from the significant variety of environmental and ecological measurements created over current decades, it has confirmed hard to find out statistically considerable trends in these measurements. This difficulty is triggered by the higher annual and seasonal variability of warming inside the air temperature and also the complexity of biological interactions. One particular option for the variability issue is to carry out long-term research. These research are pricey to carry out within the Arctic using the outcome that quite a few detailed studies happen to be comparatively short-term (e.g., the IBP Arctic projects inside the U.S. and Canada), or have already been long-term projects restricted in scope (e.g., the Sub-Arctic Stordalen project in Abisko, Sweden; Jonasson et al. 2012). Presently, you can find but two projects underway that happen to be both long-term and broad in scope: Toolik inside the Low Arctic of northern Alaska and Zackenberg within the High Arctic of northeast Greenland (Fig. 1). Here we use data from these websites to ask which kinds of measures really yield statistically significant trends of effects of climate warming Additional, are there common traits of those valuable measures that reduce variabilitySTUDY Websites The Toolik project (Table 1) is located at the University of Alaska’s Toolik Field Station (TFS) some 125 km inland in the Arctic Ocean. The Long-term Ecological Analysis (LTER)1 and associated projects at this site havehttp:4EGI-1 site arc-lter.ecosystems.mbl.edu.The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com www.kva.seenAmbio 2017, 46(Suppl. 1):S160SFig. 1 Place of Toolik, Alaska (68o380 N, 149o430 W) and Zackenberg, Greenland (74o300 N, 21o300 W), long-term arctic study sitesTable 1 Ecological settings for Toolik and Zackenberg research sites Toolik field station Location Inland, Northern Alaska 68o380 N, 149o430 W, 719 m altitude Physical Rolling foothills, Continuous permafrost (200 m), annual setting temperature -8 , summer time (mid-June to mid-August) 9 , annual precipitation 312 mm Ecology Tussock tundra (sedges, evergreen PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21301389 and deciduous shrubs, forbs, mosses, and lichens). Low shrubs, birches, and willows grow in between tussocks and along water tracks and stream banks. Low Arctic LTER (Long term Ecological Investigation), ITEX (International Tundra Experiment), NOAA’s Arctic Program, CALM (Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring), along with the TFS environmental monitoring system Zackenberg Coast, Northeast Greenland 74o300 N, 21o300 W, 0 m altitude Mountain valley, Continuous permafrost (estimated 20000 m), annual temperature -8 , summer (three months) 4.five , an.